History of Marriage Essay

Marriage is a social institution recognized by custom and law. It is a relation that exists between one or more men to one or more women. Custom or law gives recognitions of the duties and rights of the parties involved in such an institution. The union may result to children being born in it. In general, the societal expectation is one where there is sexual gratification between a husband and wife. There are legal issues that may arise as a result of adultery, which may force one partner to dissolve the marriage. This relation is at some point regarded as an economic institution in which a husband is fully responsible for the needs of the wife and children. With the current women empowerment in the society they are also able to provide for their families. A father has a general control and power over his family but for the children his powers are for a limited time. This comes as a result of the need for children to practice decision making and show responsibility especially at adulthood. Marriage is in accordance to the laid down custom or law and the consent of each parties involved must be considered. Parents for example may ask for a bride price and after this is settled a marriage takes place. These are important steps especially where the conditions stipulated by custom or by law are complied with. The origin of marriage is seen to be a habitual practice from the medieval period. A man and woman would live together, have sexual relations and from this union children would come forth. The father would play their role as a protector and supporter of his family while his wife nurses and cares for the family. As time passed it was accepted by custom and by law and it became legal social institution. Marriage is therefore seen to be an intimate relationship which the society, the government and religion recognizes. Marriage has many forms but the major one constitutes a man and a woman. Marriage is the basis of a family unit in which procreation takes place. Through a marriage setup children can grown, be protected and shown love through provision of food, shelter, clothing, education among others. There are a variety of intentions that one has in mind while planning to enter into marriage. Some of the major reasons may include need for legal stability, social and/or economic stability. Through marriage, there is a provider, protector and the union is legally bound. Marriage can be witnessed in a wedding celebration and this marks the beginning of individual obligation to each other and to the society at large. There have been changes in the understanding and approach of marriage from the older days. In the United States marriage for example was a consideration of status as well as an oversight on the future economic stability and prosperity of the person. It was therefore an economic arrangement in which one would choose their potential spouse and so they would plan to marry . Marriage ceremonies between same sexes were done in the 5th-14th centuries by the Roman Catholic Church. Many issues about marriage caught the interest of many leaders and Pope Alexander II in 1975, prohibited marriages between couples who were closely related and especially with no more than 6 cousins related to a person. In the 16th century, only with the permission of local political authorities, servants and day laborers would be free to marry in Bavaria and Austria. In1921 this order was fully abolished. Public wife selling was witnessed in the 1960s-1870s where a divorced wife was tied with a rope around her neck and sold in public. Until 1686, marriage was rather a civil ceremony for the puritans in Massachusetts Bay. In the British colonies, there was no penalty given for interracial marriages until 1662 when Virginia doubled fornication fines for interracial couples. Maryland banned interracial marriages in 1664 and subsequently, in 1750 interracial marriages had been outlawed in all southern colonies. Married women, until mid 19th century, had no legal standing under the English common law in all American states. It was until 1848 that women had the right to own property while married, through the Married Women Act. http://www. lulu. com/content/247174 At the age of 10 years, consent for sexual intercourse was allowed in most American states while in Delaware it was at the age of 7 years only. With parental consent young boys of 14 and girls of 12 would marry, as late as 1930. In 1940, married women could not make legal contract in twelve states. Anti-Miscegenation laws were declared unconstitutional in Virginia and other states such as Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas among others. Fourteen states had in the fifteen years prior to the decision, repealed their anti miscegenation laws. This included Arizona, Colorado, Maryland, Nevada, and Oregon among others. Ten states had by 1990, outlawed rape in marriage. This was after New York outlawed rape in marriage in 1978. Rape in marriage was seen as a crime in thirty-six states and this was only in certain circumstances. It was surprising that in four states, rape in marriage was never a crime. Marriage has had lots of controversies but the initial union in the religious world was the social union that benefited the society. It is seen as the union of one man and one woman blessed and united by a religious leader as seen in Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhists and Hindu. The privileges enjoyed in marriages are of benefit while particular concerns were raised on homosexual couples. The commitment of traditional couples which constituted a man and woman could be seen as that of same-sex couples and so they have continued to fight for their rights and the legalization of their marriage. The sacred value of marriage should not be changed despite the fact that advocates are aggressive on the issue that it should be redefined to suit gay marriage. When the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court made a ruling in 2004, and said that civil union was not enough, this raised national debate. A number of people wanted the definition of one man-to- one woman to stand and others wanted it to separate same-sex institutions, with others against it. In 2004, California and New York mayors were authorizing same sex marriages while defying law and these marriages were said not to be legally binding. Nancy 2001) http://www. lulu. com/content/247174 In 1619, Virginia enacted a law in which if a bond married a Negro, Mulatto or Indian, they would be banished in the woods so that they are cast out of the colony. Later on, in 1724, there was introduction Louisiana after the slaves were freed. Laws that were known as black codes were used to control and even forbid marriages constituted by slaves while the slave master was not consented. In 1769, the English common law showed that husband and wife were one. A constitution was written in 1787 and was adopted the following year. It was effective in 1789 and replaced the articles of federation, which was the government document of the USA. It remains to be the basic law of central government. In 1839, Mississippi granted the women a right to hold, with their respective husband’s permission, property in their own name. This saw many states legalizing this grant to women so that they would have control over property and earnings. This was in 1900. In the Missouri vs. Celia case of 1855, the case was used to show that enslaved women had no right or legal recourse if they were raped by their masters. This meant that black women had no right to defend themselves after an act of rape by the master. When the Mississippi black code was passed, it was an attempt to control slaves and ensure social inequality. This prohibited blacks, in 1865, from marrying whites and in this case, it was punishable as was seen through life imprisonment. http://www. lulu. com/content/247174 More was to come and in the United States, an immigration act of 1917 banned immigration of Asians and those with abnormal sexual instincts and until 1990, lesbians and gay immigrants were excluded from coming into the United States. (Nancy 2001) In a case of New York v. Sanger, doctors would advice married couples on use of birth control pills for health purposes. The law was still enforced but was overturned in 1965 on all state laws that prohibited the use of contraceptives. In 1948, in Perez v Sharp case, there was a ban on interracial marriage in the California Supreme Court. This was the first state high court to declare it unconstitutional but later on in 1967; the U. S Supreme Court declared that there was freedom to marry allowing for interracial marriages on all Americans. This was evidenced in the case of Loving v. Virginia. The immigration act in 1965 admitted different races and nationalities and emphasized on family reunification with great concern. The act defined a family to be strictly on hetero sexual and nuclear ties and banned on lesbian and gay deviates. In 1969, California adopted a divorce law that allowed divorce by mutual consent and especially where one party simply wants it. The major challenge in this was that one party can refuse to sign the separation agreement. In 1981, there was an over turn of events when the states laws described a husband as a head and master and having control of property which is jointly owned with his wife. Nancy 2001) . http://family. jrank. org/pages/1118/Marriage-Ceremonies. html Articles were published and they advocated for legalization of same-sex couples and this was especially because these authors were gay and wanted to pursue their demand. In 1990, the congress repealed ban on gay and lesbian immigration. Homosexuals were disqualified as foreigners and were not allowed to come in to the United States. It was in 1993 that Hawaii Supreme Court said that the ban on same-sex couples from marrying must be justified and in 1998, it was amended to allow strict marriage to men and women only . In 1994, gays and lesbians sought to be part of the humanitarian law as a social group rather than an immigration group. A Person Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act explicitly promoted marriage and formation of heterosexual families. The federal law supported two parent families and in the same year, 1996, the Defense of Marriage Act defined marriage as exclusively between one man and a woman. It was evident that this act did not recognize same sex marriage at all. In 1998, there was a covenant marriage legislation in which couples promised to stay together for life and that they would denounce the no-default divorce. In the same year, May 1998, Alaska ruled that it was a fundamental right to choose a marital partner. The following year, the Vermont Supreme Court allowed for same-sex marriage to occur and that they have all rights and benefits of marriage but no marriage licenses. A governor in Oklahoma in March 2000 announced a $10 million plan that encouraged marriage than divorce and in 2001 gay and lesbian couples in Massachusetts filed law suits seeking a right to marry. This followed with other New Jersey lesbian and gay couples suing the state court for denial of their right to marry. In 2003, the US Supreme Court struck down the remaining anti-gay sodomy laws which were in Texas and in other states. http://family. jrank. org/pages/1118/Marriage-Ceremonies. html In 2003-2004, the Federal Marriage Amendment was proposed but was defeated in congress. The amendment ought to have denied marriage rights to same-sex couples by indicating that marriage would only exist between a man and a woman. The divorce rate in 1980 was 22. 6% per 1000 married women and currently it is rated at 17. 7 percent.  Other observations and statistics show that the rate of marriage has declined from 76. 5 to 39. 9 percent per 1000 unmarried women. This has been a 50 percent drop and it is attributed to cohabitation rather than marriage. These posses a great risk on the children as it affects the family stability. Breakup rates for cohabitating couples are twice as that of married couples and in 40% of such couples children are born in this rather unstable and shaky relationship. The United States is found to have the weakest families in the western world. This is attributed to the high divorce rates as well as the increase in solo parenting. The divorce rate has generally been going up more recently with about 20 divorces for every 1000 women over the age of 15. (Nancy 2001) The divorces rate has had significant factors that have led to the rise in the United States. One of them has been that men and women are economically stable and so there is less need for each other in terms of economical survival. The rate has also been on the higher side because of birth control programs that allow men and women to separate sexual activity from bearing children.

What is the impact of innovation on the revenue making capability of an organization - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1920 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? RESEARCH PROJECT Task 1 Research question The purpose of the research Potential research outcomes Rationale for choice of research Consideration of ethical issues Methodology to be used Task 2 Sequence and Time frame of the project activities Task 3 Literary and theoretical review Data Collection Which are you? What is Your Age? Are you employed? What is the size of your company? Does your organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s leaders/CEO promote the innovation in your organization? What is the purpose of innovation in your view? For fostering competition in the given organization, which of the following is required? Do your organization foster research and development objectives? How much Percentage of Profit is assigned to Research and Development? How much profit growth has been received in recent year as compared to previous year? Task 4 Summary of Findings and Conclusions Works Cited Appendix . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What is the impact of innovation on the revenue making capability of an organization?" essay for you Create order Task 1 Research question What is the impact of innovation on the revenue making capability of an organization? The purpose of the research The purpose of the research is to analyze the impact of innovation in the context of organizational culture, organizational hierarchy, internal competition and the authority and self-respect differences between employees at different designation. Potential research outcomes The research will highlight the factors of innovation which can contribute to the excellence in an organization, and for the purpose of measurement, financial instruments are to be used specifically. The survey strategy will help in meeting the objectives of the research and the results will be concluded from it. Rationale for choice of research The corporate culture has been changed significantly in the last 10 years, whereas the culture remained similar in the last 50 years. It is highly acceptable that these are the technological, economic, environmental changes have been brought by the passage of time, and this involves the evolution of technology and economy which has changed the things significantly. As the matter of fact, there are only few organizations which have changed themselves according to the changes of time with full potential. The management approaches, the organizational hierarchy, and the use of computer is almost 50 years old, although these corporate factors have received refinements, but the use of old methods is inconsistent. The process of innovation is required in the modern time. The innovation cannot definitely associate with the financial excellence of a company, but this is a prime source of financial breakthrough and successful. Consideration of ethical issues The ethical issues involved in conducting this research will be the use of resources for conducting the research. The research should be original and the importance of originality has been emerged with the passage of time. The academic honesty is required for all types of research because it generates the culture of pure development in any field. Methodology to be used The methodology that is going to be used in this study comprises both the use of secondary and primary sources of data. The data will be conducted using the survey, and Google Documents form will be used to record and formulate the results for the purpose of conclusion. The theoretical background for the research will be provided using the secondary source of data and this will incorporate the use of existing material which will involve the use of books and published journal articles. Task 2 Sequence and Time frame of the project activities This Gantt chart shows the activities to be performed while conducting the research and there are set of activities which are required for the completion of research. The first stage is the planning of the research topic and selection. The nature of this task is strategic, and this requires less time as the work to be performed is less, therefore the time required is less. The methodology selection is another step to achieve the purpose of the research, and this will depend on the personal and institutional requirements. The empirical research has been carried out to support the objectives of the research. Literature and theoretical review will analyze the relevant topics and the researches carried out in the past by other researches. The Literature and theoretical review will also clarify the scope of the research. The survey is the 4th step, but this is the main step for the research and this will incorporate the primary data, and this will be conducted by sending questionnai res to population and will be analyzed subsequently. The next step is the interpretation of the data, and at the least, the results will be concluded from the interpretation of the data. The research will be carried out under the given plan, but if any changes are required while doing the research, the changes will be made. Task 3 Literary and theoretical review The increased globalization has resulted in the elimination of geographical boundaries, and the competition has been increased, it should be included in the strategic management agenda and it should not be administered on an ad hoc basis, 70% of the senior executives said that the innovation is one of the top three drivers (Barsh et al., 2008). The globalization has eliminated the geographical boundaries and the organizations are promoting the production of identical quality goods such as ISO and other technology standard organizations. The globalized product is of the identical quality, provided that the certification is achieved, and more than 200 countries are the member of ISO, therefore it can be concluded that the globalization has resulted in the production of quality products throughout the world. The extent of the certified production has not been presented, as it is not under the scope of this study. For the purpose of innovation, the generation of ideas with impact is required and this is the show of organizational learning, this will include experimentation, uniqueness and competency acquisition, for the effective idea generation, experimentation, competency acquisition, benchmarking and continuous improvement is required (Yeung et al., 1998). The profit impact is the accounting tool to measure the consequences of innovation. Innovation is not a sequential or orderly process and for this, a culture of innovation is to be promoted, and the leadership behavior is very important for the purpose of innovation (Birchall Tovstiga, 2005). The innovation is not a sequential process or disciplined process, therefore the innovation in the most organization has insularity and scattered-ness. Data Collection Which are you? Male 15 65% Female 8 35% What is Your Age? 18-25 years old 6 26% 26-35 years old 10 43% 36-50 years old 5 22% 51-65 years old 2 9% 65 above years old 0 0% Are you employed? Yes 18 78% No 5 22% What is the size of your company? Small (1-50 employees) 4 18% Medium (50-500 employees) 13 59% Large ( Above 500 employees) 5 23% Does your organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s leaders/CEO promote the innovation in your organization? Yes 14 70% No 6 30% What is the purpose of innovation in your view? Creation of competitive advantage 2 9% To counter increasing globalization 15 68% To serve the people through idea generation 4 18% A Continuous improvement process 1 5% For fostering competition in the given organization, which of the following is required? Organizational Learning 5 22% Experimentation 5 22% Leaders interest 6 26% Promotion of competitive culture in the company 7 30% Does your organization foster research and development objectives? Yes 18 78% No 5 22% How much Percentage of Profit is assigned to Research and Development? 1 % 4 19% 3% 7 33% 5% 9 43% 10% 0 0% above 10% 1 5% How much profit growth has been received in recent year as compared to previous year? 0 % growth 1 5% 1 % growth 1 5% 3 % growth 6 29% 5 % growth 5 24% 10 % growth 4 19% 10 % above growth 2 10% Loss/ Negative Growth 2 10% Task 4 Summary of Findings and Conclusions The questionnaires were sent to 30 people and 23 forms were received. The data were conducted using the Google Documents forms. The analysis of the data shows that most of the respondents were male and were of the age of 26-35% years old. The second most categories by age were 18-25 years old, whereas the least was above 65 years old, and most of the respondents were young i.e. of the age 18-35 years. Most of the respondents were employed and 78% of the respondents were employed, which cumulatively shows that most of the respondents were young and employed, therefore the data conducted is relevance for corporate purpose and it is likely to incorporate contemporary corporate practices, as most of the population is young, and of the age of 36, therefore if the age of employment is assumed 18, it can be concluded that most of the respondents started their jobs 17 years ago. The majority of the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s organization size was medium. The medium size organiz ation holds 50-500 employees (Mellor, 2008).Most of the respondents agreed that this is the CEO which is responsible for the promotion of innovation, there it can be cumulatively concluded that the respondents were young, employed, from the middle sized organization and are of the view that CEO has important role in the promotion innovation. Most of the respondents claimed that the purpose of innovation is to counter the increasing globalization. The motive behind the imports and exports were to trade the things which were abundant in one country, and scarce in another country, however the globalization impact has resulted in the virtual removal of the boundaries, and this has immensely increased the competition among countries and the corporations. The trend for the innovativeness factor was mixed, and most of the respondents depicted it is the Promotion of a competitive culture in the company which could result in innovativeness and 30% of the respondents depicted that, wher eas secondly it was leaderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interest which 25 % of the respondents depicted. The response for organizational learning and experimentation was same i.e. 22%. Most of the respondents depicted that their organization spend 5% of their profits on Research and development. 43% of the respondents showed that their organization spend 5% of their profits, whereas 33% depicted their organization spent 3% of profits, therefore more than 70% respondents (i.e. 78%) depicted that their organization spent 3-5% of the profits on R D. The response to the profit growth was mixed, and 29% respondents told that there was 3% growth in profits, which was the highest. 24% of the respondents showed that the profit growth was a little high i.e. 5%, whereas 19 % respondents depicted profit growth was 10%, therefore profit growth response for 3-10% was more than 70% i.e. 72%. There is the conformance of the results here, and the relationship between the research and development expen diture, the innovation (which has been measured through profit impact results) as 3-5% RD expenditure was reported by 78% and the profit increase of 3-10% from 72%. Works Cited Barsh, J., Capozzi, M. Davidson, , 2008. Leadership and innovation. [Online] Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/insights/innovation/leadership_and_innovation [Accessed 27 December 2013]. Birchall, D. Tovstiga, G., 2005. Capabilities for Strategic Advantage: Leading Through Technological Innovation. Palgrave Macmillan. Mellor, , 2008. Entrepreneurship for Everyone: A Student Textbook. SAGE. Yeung , K.A., Ulrich, D.O. Nason, S.W., 1998. Organizational Learning Capability : Generating and Generalizing Ideas with Impact: Generating and Generalizing Ideas with Impact. Oxford University Press. Appendix Which are you? Male Female What is Your Age? 18-25 years old 26-35 years old 36-50 years old 51-65 years old 65 above years old Are you employed Yes No What is the size of your company Small (1-50 employees) Medium (50-500 employees) Large ( Above 500 employees) Do your organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s leaders/CEO promotes the innovation in your organization? Yes No What is the purpose of innovation in your view Creation of competitive advantage To counter increasing globalization To serve the people through idea generation A Continuous improvement process For fostering completion in the given organization, which of the following is required? Organizational Learning Experimentation Leaders interest Promotion of competitive culture in the company Does your organization foster research and development objectives? Yes No How much Percentage of Profit is assigned to Research and Development? 1 % 3% 5% 10% above 10% How much profit growth has been received in recent year as compared to previous year? 0 % growth 1 % growth 3 % growth 5 % growth 10 % growth 10 % above growth Loss/ Negative Growth 1

The Triumph Of Israel, By Etgar Keret s The Girl On The...

Israel is undoubtedly a country for the history books with its great conflicts, victories, atrocities, and deep necessity which makes it quite unique from any others and there are perhaps no better words to describe its history than with â€Å"tragedy† and â€Å"triumph.† After this semester, I feel that I have a pretty clear viewpoint on these ideas. The triumph of Israel is its very existence both in general and specifically as a place for Jewish people that saved thousands and harbored refugees in times of great peril and horror for Jews. On the other hand, its tragedy is clearly the intense, seemingly unending conflict which is deeply ingrained within the region and that its very existence necessitates with the Arabs, as well as more specific†¦show more content†¦An Israeli’† (145). Israel’s existence gives the Jewish people a place to be free of antisemitism and hiding and a place that is their own with great importance to their history and religion. After years and years of feeling out of place and unsafe in Europe until finally the horrors of the Holocaust occurred, Israel is indeed a great victory for Jews and stands as a beacon of hope and progress. The triumph of the Jewish state is easily seen when assessing the bigger picture, but a huge part of it is on a personal level as well. Yes, thousands of refugees were able to escape to Israel from surrounding Arab countries as well as Europe, but that’s not all there is to it. The smaller scale successes of Jews that eventually led to the industrious, forward-thinking, competitive, and progressive Israel that exists today are just as crucial to the story of Israel. One example would be the Strauss story told by Shavit in My Promised Land, which he describes as â€Å"not only a story of a successful family and how it made its money, but a story of Israel’s industrious capitalism† (339). The Strauss family consisted of Richard and Hilda who married in Germany in 1934 as Adolf Hitler rose to power and, recognizing the impending danger and with concern for their child, the two decided to head to Israel. Hilda’s story specifically was extremely representative of the triumph of Israel, in my mind. Her pain and distress over leaving

Literature Review and Empirical Evidence - 1382 Words

CHAPTER 3: LITERATURE REVIEW AND EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE 3.0 Introduction This section explains the development of CBI-related theoretical frameworks, the different CBI measures and indices that have been reviewed through various studies; the fore said benefits of CBI and wraps-up empirical evidence. 3.1. The Theoretical Arguments and Underpinnings Theories on CBI has most been constructed from pioneering empirical cases over the past three decades. Among the several theories developed, the case of CBI is mainly linked with the following notable works. These theories postulate that political authorities will look for incentives and opportunities to achieve real economic objectives or short-term political objectives and do not disparage the powers of Central Banks to resist political pressure. 3.1.1. Political Business Cycles Model Nordhaus (1975), Hibbs (1977) and other writers on ‘political business cycles’ alluded that economic business cycles will be mirroring the election cycles and this would give enough leeway for frictions between political considerations and economic requisites to arise. These theorists pointed out that incumbent Governments may tend to apply restrictive policies at the outset of their tenure while they would catalyse pre-election booms as vote seeking strategies; and if they are re-elected, the policy priorities may shift extreme once more towards inflation control in lieu of employment generation.. Alteration to the dynamics of the economic canShow MoreRelatedStandardization in International Marketing Strategy Is Doomed to Failure: Literature Review and Methodological Critique1577 Words   |  7 PagesMarketing Strategy is doomed to failure: Literature review and methodological critique. The literature on standardization of international marketing strategy has rapidly increased in amount since Levitt (1983) suggested the main concept that business strategies and their influences on firm performance should be universal through national markets which are very much alike culturally, economically and politically, in spite of limited empirical evidence focused directly on this topic. He pointedRead MoreHealth Care Cost And Stricter Regulations For Insurance Reimbursement Plans888 Words   |  4 Pages(Siabani, Driscoll, Davidson, and Leeder, 2014). The need for streamline healthcare for CHF patients is imperative to improve overall patient outcomes and reduce the amount of hospital readmission rates. This study is aimed at reviewing the literature to find evidence-based interventions that results in a decrease in CHF readmission rates. Elderly, African American, and low socioeconomic status patients have the highest risk for hospital readmission. (Joynt, Orav, and Jah, 2011). Interventions beingRead MoreCyber Violence And Its Effects On Modern Society881 Words   |  4 PagesTitle: Understanding Cyber Violence in contemporary society Research Question The literature review will compare cyber violence to traditional interpersonal violence in order to comprehend the characteristics of cyber violence in contemporary society. Introduction Cyber violence was defined as â€Å"an aggressive, intentional act carried out by a group or individual, using electronic forms of contact, repeatedly and over time against a victim who cannot easily defend him or herself.† (SmithRead MoreResearch Portfolio Assignment : Child Development And Children s Services1502 Words   |  7 PagesChildren’s Services research cluster will be helpful in implementing recommendations that will help prevent child maltreatment and promote healthy development in children (Davies and Ward, 2011). 2. Literature Search Begle, A. M., Dumas, J. E., Hanson, R. F. (2010). Predicting child abuse potential: An empirical investigation of two theoretical frameworks. Journal of Clinical Adolescence Psychology, 39 (2): 208-219. In the United States, about 871, 000 children were victims of maltreatment in the yearRead MoreThe Impact Of Public Debt On The Economy798 Words   |  4 Pagesthe whole body of international organizations as well as financial institutions at large. Especially after the financial crisis of 2008, the impact of public debt on the overall economic growth has being a subject for analysis although not much empirical work has been done. In April 2001, Ghana declared itself as heavily indebted poor country. This declaration was to enable Ghana qualify for the debt relieve assistance program organized by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World BankRead MoreEssay on Empirical Literature Article Review of Leadership Ethics1195 Words   |  5 PagesEmpirical Literature Article Review of Leadership Ethics Lillie Johnson LDR 800, Ethical Dilemmas and Stewardship June 4, 2013 Empirical Literature Article Review of Leadership Ethics The opportunity to evaluate original research serves as one of the many foundations to both scholarly writing and research (Grand Canyon University, 2013). Therefore, to enhance this process I will critique empirical research articles for the purpose of demonstrating the effectiveness in understanding leadershipRead MoreConcept Analysis: Breastfeeding968 Words   |  4 PagesConcept analysis is the breakdown of a problem into pieces to figure out ways to form a conclusion on how to correct, or improve, the problem. This response reviews a concept analysis that looked at problems with successful breastfeeding. In the Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, Neonatal Nursing (JOGNN), Mulder (2006) identifies the four key elements of effective breastfeeding: â€Å"positioning, latch, sucking, and milk transfer† (p. 334) using the concept analysis by Walker and Avant. The methodRead MoreCSR Reports In China Literature Study726 Words   |  3 Pagesmanagement can be used to explain t he balance of CSR reports in China. Previous studies provide many good theories in this area, this study is going to build on them and provide empirical evidence to existing literature in order to better understand Chinese companies’ CSR disclosure and their reports. Literature review CSR adoption in China has a short history since mid-1990s, it is still in its inception. Along with the rapid economic growth in China in the past decades, there have been lotsRead MoreThe Following Essay Plan Sets Out The Framework Of Our Final Essay1290 Words   |  6 Pagespurpose. 1. Introduction The introduction will provide the background about earnings management (EM) at the beginning and then talk about the objectives of our essay, followed by the logic structure of the essay. Particularly, we have identified some literature such as Bartov (1993) to address the pervasiveness and significance of EM. Starting from this point, our essay will aim to provide insights on the motivations of EM; the potential EM suggested by each motivation and the detecting methods for EMRead MoreThe Holiday Effect : Evidence From Cross Listed Stocks1599 Words   |  7 Pages The Holiday Effect: Evidence From Cross-Listed Stocks Mohammed Alhashim FINA-6311 Seminar in the Theory of Corporate Finance April 26, 2016â€Æ' 1. Introduction One of confound empirical findings reported in recent finance literature is the presence of abnormally high stock returns on the day before holidays. In this paper, we are trying to investigate the holiday effects in a novel context. Specifically, we attempt to test the presence of holiday effect for a sub-group of stocks

Time and Life Free Essays

Everyone wants to be successful in their own, different way. It is a mutual dream shared by all, to be rich and famous. In my perspective being successful is much different, because money is not everything. We will write a custom essay sample on Time and Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now To make goals and follow your dreams will lead you down the road to success. Their will be bumps along the way, and you might have to take the harder road, but if you are willing to work hard and never give up, you will be successful. Like everyone, I have many dreams and goals that I would like to see myself accomplish during my life. I want to go to a great college and discover myself, what it truly means to be me. Then I will decide what I would like to spend the rest of my life doing because I honestly believe that, at my age, I do not contain within me the experiences necessary to determine what I want to be or what I want to do with my life. Given the opportunity, I would go into the ? eld of science to study biology or engineering to ? gure out how and why things work, living or not. But who knows? I might end up in a totally different ? eld, because wherever my heart goes, I am sure to follow. I want to go to a top school to start with a strong support in the world and to use this foundation to build my life upon. If the building blocks of my future are too small, I will be con? ned to certain things and not others that I would be able to reach with a bigger, sturdier base in knowledge. This will create limitless opportunities that may result in a great job. I want a job that pays well enough so that I could support a family, if I so choose. I want enough money to pay for little things in life, those that create great memories, but not so much that it will go to my head and make me a person that has worked so hard just to see himself become corrupt and sel? h. Above all I want to thank my parents for starting me off in the right direction, they gave up so much for me, because they instilled these values in me and made me who I am today. They have helped me this far, and they will help me in the years to come. Without them I would be nothing, and I believe that this deserves much more than simple thanks. My decisions will affect my future, whether it be the near future or in the long run. Seein g as I cannot predict the future, I will just have to work hard and make the right decisions. The right thing is not always the easiest thing to do, but is necessary if you want to reach your goals. The only obstacle that I see in the way of my future is myself. I can do anything I want if only I put my mind to it. But if I make the wrong choice and slack off, it is only that much harder to reach your goals. Another thing between my future and myself is time. Everything changes over time so it is only natural to believe that my short-term goals will too. But the things time cannot change are life long goals. The things you see yourself doing when you sit down and think of all the wondrous things in this world that makes you think what a miracle life really is. Life is a gift bestowed upon us, and it is our choice to determine where it goes. My goals are what make up my life, what keep me determined to ? ght for the next day and the drive behind everything I do. My family plays a huge part in who I am, and my values. I want more than everything in my life to be successful, and for those I care about to be successful in their lives too. How to cite Time and Life, Essays

Ibm free essay sample

A Case Study on the Coming of a Globally Integrated Enterprise Introduction Framed by the year 2009, the International Business Machines Corporation (hereafter IBM) aims at becoming a ‘globally-integrated enterprise’ and is therefore facing the act of balancing between being deeply connected (in order to provide value for customers and society) and yet above the fray (to avoid divisive controversies). Over its nearly 100 year history, IBM moved from international (exporting form the U. S. ) to multi-national (with subsidiaries in many countries) to global. At the end of the 20st century, tumbling profits from mainframe and PC businesses initiated a major competitive repositioning (i. e. , strategic renewal) in which IBM transformed from primarily a manufacturer of hardware into a provider of software, services, and systems. IBM’s initial international expansion was rationalized by access to new customers to capitalize on its core competencies. Comparative advantages and an ‘open’ approach towards knowledge, skills and innovation initiated IBM’s focus on becoming a global integrated enterprise to enhance competitive advantage in every market they compete. We will write a custom essay sample on Ibm or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However in early 2008, comments were solicited from large groups of employees and managers worldwide about the implications of IBM becoming a global integrated enterprise. A review of IBM’s business practice should reveal those implications and thereby identify IBM’s next steps in coming globally integrated. 1. What are the internal strengths of IBM and what are their weaknesses? The fact that IBM was one of the few computer manufacturers to survive more than 25 years and is heading for its 100th anniversary reveals its capable to create and maintain competitive advantages. IBM has proven to be agile and adaptive by transforming from a hardware to a technology solutions company and thereby obtaining the reputation of a leader in machine-independent â€Å"on demand† computing. A first important internal strength of IBM relates to the distinctive competence to being able to provide customers with an integrated IT ecosystem solution, consisting of consulting services and IT systems development and monitoring. This makes IBM an attractive business partner. In addition, the tight relationships which IBM manages to establish and maintain worldwide with business partners, governments, local communities and even competitors are key to the provision of IT solutions. Subsequent integrated solutions and tight relationships creates a certain lock-in to IBM’s services as switching costs for integrated systems are potentially high. The second internal strength relates to IBM’s technology and innovative capabilities. The emphasis on innovation is expressed by their numerous research, development, applications and innovation centres around the world. The focus on RD has made IBM the largest U. S. patents owner company in the world. In addition, IBM holds an open approach towards knowledge and innovation, in line with current trends in which innovation can come from inside and outside the company. They make use of internal and external experts, set out programs to generate and discuss innovative ideas among everyone attached to IBM, and embraced open source computing by making IBM software patents available to anyone working on open source projects. The third strength relates to IBM’s intensive technology education for both employees and partner organizations. Education does not only provide IBM with high-skilled employees, it also provides new market opportunities as partners organizations become aware and capable of integrating IT solutions to their (business) practices. In emerging economies, IBM’s strategy is to be involved with the economy-wide development of IT in terms of academic education and (start) providing IT solutions to governments as well as companies. This focus on the development, education, and implementation of IT did not only secure short-term revenues for IBM, both also longer-term market potential for IT implementations and the innovative potential of geographic areas. It is argued that there is resistance to locating decision making lower in the organization and talent is accumulating at the top, which might eventually affect quality delivered to customers. Therefore, an important (potential) weakness of IBM’s effort to become a globally-integrated enterprise is their local responsiveness and subsequent delivery of IBM talent and technology to customers. Moreover, local learning and bringing back ideas for worldwide projects could also be under pressure. Although CEO Palmisano is trying to reposition the center of the world away from Armonk, U. S. , and lower the center of gravity, many employees feel that top management still makes key decisions based on vertical lines of businesses, not on horizontal (geographic) indicators. Those vertical lines of businesses might also be more subjective to competition than horizontal operations, as competitors are mostly specified in certain aspects IBM provides, but not at the integrative (horizontal) approach which has led to the dominant position of IBM in IT solutions at large organizations. 2. What are the main external challenges?

Society And Schooling Essays - Abuse, Anti-social Behaviour

Society And Schooling Discrimination has many different meanings, but the most specific meaning is the exclusion from membership in any group. This results in unfair treatment or judgements. Any type of person can be discriminated against from women to minorities. Also, there are many different areas where one can run into discrimination such as public facilities or even just trying to get onto the bus. One of the first places that one learns about discrimination is in the school systems. Children do not usually know what discrimination is, and a lot of adults do not even realize that they are discriminating against others. I believe that discrimination is one of the major problems in the schools today, because no one realizes that it is a problem. Children in schools have their own clicks or groups that they like to be around. When a student is not involved with this group a lot of times they will be made fun of. Kids can be really harsh with one another, and they just continue to be rude and mean. A lot of kids get made fun of if they are not considered as "cool" as the other kids. There are so many different kinds of groups from the "preps", and "nerds", to the "jocks". Also, children can be made fun of for being overweight or just not pretty enough. Most of the time, students discriminate against other races or origins. They do this because the outside looks different, and most of the times they do not get to know the real person. Discrimination against different races has been a problem for a very long time. I think that since it has been a problem for such a long period of time that a lot of kids just learn to act that way. Handicapped are also discriminated a lot because they are different. These students can be physically, mentally, or just emotionally handicapped, but still students will not give them the time of day. The teachers themselves can also discriminate against their students with out even knowing it. Students are discriminated against for their gender or their grades. Teachers will put students in groups with the same types of people, so that the children who have difficulty learning do not have the opportunity. When I get my own classroom, I will try my hardest to not have discrimination in it. When I assign them group projects, I will pick their groups to give them the opportunity to get to know their fellow classmates. Also, I will make sure that there are no friends in the same group. The groups will remain the same for a couple of weeks, and then they will get new groups. Another option I would try is teaching them about the other nationalities, races, and religions. I would do this by devoting one day a week to the students to tell something about their origins, race, religion, etc.. Discrimination is a major problem in today's society, but we can do something about it by beginning in the schools. We need to educate these children about the different cultures in society so they will give people a chance.